RKMBs Forums .::Important::. off topic and offensive posts Why is your organ so small?

The Brain
In animals the brain, or encephalon (Greek for "in the head"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for thought. In most animals, the brain is
located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, equilibrioception, taste, and olfaction. While all vertebrates have a brain, most invertebrates have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia. Primitive animals such as sponges do not have a brain at all. Brains can be
extremely complex. For example, the human brain contains more than 100 billion neurons, each linked to as many as 10,000 other neurons. Most brains exhibit a substantial distinction between the gray matter and white matter.
Gray matter consists of the cell bodies of the neurons, while white matter consists of the fibers (axons) which connect neurons. The axons are surrounded by a fatty insulating
sheath called myelin (oligodendroglia cells), giving the white matter its distinctive color. The outer layer of the brain is gray matter called cerebral cortex. Deep in the
brain, compartments of white matter (fasciculi, fiber tracts)gray matter (nuclei) and spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid (ventricles) are found. The brain innervates the head through cranial nerves, and it communicates with the spinal
cord, which innervates the body through spinal nerves. Nervous fibers transmitting signals from the brain are called efferent fibers. The fibers transmitting signals to
the brain are called afferent (or sensory) fibers. Nerves can be afferent, efferent or mixed (i.e., containing both types of fibers).


The kidneys
filter wastes (such as urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with
water, as urine. The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases of the kidney
is called nephrology (nephro- meaning kidney is from the Ancient Greek word nephros; the
adjective renal meaning related to the kidney is from Latin rēnēs, meaning
kidneys). In humans, the kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. There
is one on each side of the spine; the right kidney sits just below the liver, the left
below the diaphragm and adjacent to the spleen. Above each kidney is an adrenal gland
(also called the suprarenal gland). The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity caused by
the liver results in the right kidney being slightly lower than the left one while the
left kidney is located slightly more medial. The kidneys are retroperitoneal, which means
they lie behind the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. They are
approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3. The upper parts of the kidneys are
partially protected by the eleventh and twelfth ribs, and each whole kidney is surrounded
by two layers of fat (the perirenal and pararenal fat) which help to cushion it.
Congenital absence of one or both kidneys, known as unilateral or bilateral renal
agenesis can occur.

The liver
is an organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It plays a major
role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage,
plasma protein synthesis, and drug detoxification. This organ also is the largest gland
in the human body. It lies below the diaphragm in the thoracic region of the abdomen.[2]
It produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion. It also performs and
regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions requiring specialized
tissues.

The spleen
is an organ located in the abdomen, where it functions in the destruction of
old red blood cells and holding a reservoir of blood. It is regarded as one of the
centers of activity of the reticuloendothelial system (part of the immune system).
Until recently, the purpose of the spleen was not known. It is increasingly recognized
that its absence leads to a predisposition to certain infections.

The Lungs
The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish. Its principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to excrete carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. The lungs also have non respiratory functions. Medical terms related to the lung often begin with pulmo-, from the Latin pulmonarius

Paris is the capital city of France. It is situated on the River Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region ("Région parisienne"). Paris has an estimated population of 2,153,600 within city limit (2005 est.). The Paris urban area has a population of 9.93 million and a commuter belt around the same completes the Paris "aire urbaine" (roughly: "metropolitan area") that, with its population of 12 million,[4] is one of the most populated areas of its kind in Europe.

Paris' location at a crossroads between land and river trade routes in lands of abundant agriculture had made it one of France's principal cities by the 10th century, rich with royal palaces, wealthy abbeys and a cathedral; by the 12th century Paris had become one of Europe's foremost centres of learning and the arts. Today, Paris is a major influence in politics, fashion, business, arts and science. The city serves as an important hub of intercontinental transportation and is home to universities, sport events, opera companies and museums of international renown, making it an attraction for over 30 million foreign visitors per year.

The Paris region (Île-de-France) is France's foremost centre of economic activity. With €478.7 billion (US$595.3 billion), it produced more than a quarter of the gross domestic product (GDP) of France in 2005. With La Défense, the largest purpose-built business district in Europe, it hosts the head offices of almost half of the major French companies, as well as the headquarters of ten of the world's 100 largest companies.[9] Paris also hosts many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the ICC, or the informal Paris Club.