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Lesson One: The Subjunctive Mood

The Subjunctive Mood is scarcely ever employed in modern English. It is true that we say: "if I were you" instead of: "if I was you," but apart from that it is not often that the subjunctive is used. In Spanish its use, even among comparatively uneducated people, is far more widespread.

The primary use of the subjunctive is to express desire, doubt or some emotion. It may be employed in principle clauses. But it is more frequently to be found in dependent clauses: i.e., in those which cannot stand alone but are dependent on some other word, such as a verb or a conjunction, before they can make complete sense.

The tense of the indicative to be used in any given sentence is generally clear enough from the meaning. But it is hopeless to try to give exact meanings to the tenses of the subjunctive. "May" or "might" are sometimes indications of the subjunctive. But a sentence containing either of these words will quite possibly be in the indicative, while, on the other hand,a clause requiring the subjunctive may very well not contain either of them. We must therefore approach the matter from another point of view, ignoring the English of the sentence, and seeing what words and what circumstances call for the employment of the subjunctive in Spanish.

It will be as well to recall that the present subjunctive of ar verbs is formed by adding to the stem the following endings: -e, (-es), -e, -emos, (-eis), -en. In er and ir verbs by adding: -a, (-as), -a, -amos, (-ais), -an. The characteristic vowel in te present indiciative of ar verbs is a, in er and ir verbs e. In the present subjunctive these vowels change places.

Next Lesson: Angelita Rips Her Bodice

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Originally posted by Mahatma Kane Jeeves:
Blah blah blah, I'm a silly poopy-head, blah blah blah...

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I agree. Now, let's go shot people until the boards are back up...

( See what you've done NOW, Rob? )

The amount of balance apparently on deposit in an account, even when figured with electronic accuracy, can be very misleading. An account with an average ledger balance of $1,500 theoretically can be overdrawn due to the existence of float, which is caused by the bank crediting the customer's account before deposited cash items have been collected from the banks on which they are drawn. Float is an analysis term used to describe the amount of uncollected funds in a ledger balance. Although all accounts have a certain amount of float, this factor is negligible in most personal accounts since there are few deposits and these deposits usually consists of one or two local checks. Float is most often encountered in business accounts. Consider the case of a small distributing company that markets products all over the United States, but buys these products in quantity locally. Assume that this company has an average daily balance of $1,500. In order to adjust this average daily balance to an average available balance, it is necessary to calculate the total amount of float on all the deposits made during the month, reduce this to an average daily float figure, and deduct this amount from the balance. This process may sound complicated, but it is really quite simple to do. Assume that nine deposits were made during the month, and the total dollar amount of all these deposits was $10,000. An examination of the locations on which the deposited items were drawn shows that it will take an average of one and a half days to collect the various items that were deposited in the customer's account.

1. Multiply the average time it took to collect the items by the total dollars deposited. One and a half days times $10,000 yields a total float for the month of $15,000.

2. Total float must be divided by the number of days in the month to obtain average daily float. Dividing $15,000 by 30 days results in a figure of $500, which represents the average daily float in this account.

3. The next step is to deduct the average daily float -- the uncollected portion of the balance -- from the average balance in order to obtain the amount that actually is on deposit and available for investing. In this case, $1,500 minus the $500 float shows an average collected balance of $1,000.

If, in the above example, the total deposits had amounted to $40,000, total float would have been $60,000, or an average float of $2,000 a day. Since the average balance is only $1,500, this account would theoretically be overdrawn $500, and the bank would be entitled to charge the customer interest on this overdraft rather than allowing him an earnings credit.

-- American Institute of Banking, PRINCIPLES OF BANK OPERATION (New York: Section The American Bankers Association, 1966).

PalDat ist eine palynologische Datenbank, erstellt von dieser Abteilung; entwickelt für MS Access 7.0 (WIN 95).
Der Grund für die Entwicklung dieser Datenbank war, einen Überblick und Vergleichsmöglichkeiten über die enorme Menge vorhandener palynologischer Daten zahlreicher Pflanzenfamilien zu bekommen. Die Datenbank beinhaltet eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Pollenkorns (Gestalt in trockenem und hydratisiertem Zustand, Aperturdetails, Wandstratifizierung und Ornamentierung), Bilder jedes Pollenkorns (LM, SEM, TEM) und wichtige Literaturzitate zu jeder Gattung. Innerhalb der Datenbank kann nach allen Pollenkorncharakteristika in jeder Kombination gesucht werden. Zusätzlich können verschiedenste Berichte (standardisierte Pollenkornbeschreibungen, Literatur und Bilder jeder Gattung, Schlüssel zu der gewählten Familie, Herbaretiketten) ausgedruckt werden.

This month marks the 10th Anniversary of Bobbi Brown Cosmetics. Revisit the original 10 Lip Colors that started it all. Bobbi herself offers great Mother's Day tips and gift ideas. April brings the innovative Concealer Kit, and our upgraded Moisture Rich Foundation SPF 15.

you know damn well we's hates learnin!

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Originally posted by I'm Not Mister Mxypltk:
Fanatico tiene el pene chico!

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That better not be something rude...

...razzen frazzen...

Princess E, the Latin posted above should roughly translate as, "How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood." A woodchuck is a marmot.